Most research studying the corporate social performance –corporate financial performance link has utilized developed country samples. Also, this literature has generally focused on a wide variety of industries, ignoring the fact that certain sectors – such as controversial industries – have graver social and environmental issues. Hence, a gap exists in this tradition when it comes to emerging markets and controversial industries. This paper attempts to fill this void by providing preliminary evidence and insight on the matter. Based on an (...) exploration in six Latin American countries and five controversial industries, we find a negative bidirectional association between CSP and CFP. These results tend to contradict the mainstream conclusion of a positive bidirectional link, suggesting that institutional and market-level forces play a major role in shaping this relationship. (shrink)

Even though the link between perceived corporate social responsibility fit and corporate reputation has received much attention from scholars, this tradition has ignored that the underpinnings of this association vary depending on the particular characteristics of each industry under study. To delve into this matter, we investigate in the increasingly relevant context of controversial industries how PCSR-fit could enhance corporate reputation and which are the mediating mechanisms of this association. Our academic contribution is twofold. First, we find that controversial sectors (...) indeed can increase corporate reputation through CSR activities. However, we find that to achieve this goal, the nature of PCSR-fit should be different than what extant literature indicates, because companies in these settings should directly focus on avoiding or reducing their inherent controversial harm or impact. Second, we evidence that “CSR initiatives' legitimacy” and “situational skepticism” mediate the PCSR-fit and corporate reputation relationship in CIs. Therefore, we further unravel the underpinnings of this association to advance what we know on the matter and aid practitioners in this particular context. (shrink)

Papers on nanotechnology in the Scientific Electronic Library Online database were studied bibliometrically. The terms ‘nanotechnology’, ‘nanoparticle’, ‘graphene’, ‘fullerene’, ‘nanotube’ and ‘quantum dot’ were used for the search in their singular and plural forms in three languages, and a total of 1205 papers were selected for the study to assess the frequency rates of the study variables. The results of the study are presented in this article focusing on gender differences.

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

The deep operation of androcentrism in scientific argumentation demands recognition as a form of fallacy. On Walton’s account, fallacies are serious mistakes in argumentation that employ presumptions acceptable in other circumstances. There are only isolated cases in which androcentric pre-sumptions are acceptable, and I argue that androcentrism affects an overarching theme of generalization in science rather than an isolated scheme. Androcentrism is related to other ways of treating privileged people as exemplary humans, whose negative impact on processes of argumentation can (...) be described as the fallacy of “appeal to the standard.”. (shrink)

This work agrees and supports the I. Hacking’s thesis regarding the meaningof the logical constants accordingly with Gentzen’s Introduction and Elimination Rules of Sequent Calculus, corresponding with the abstract conception of the notion of logical consequence. We would like to ask for the minimum rules that must satisfy a connective in order to be considered as a genuine negation. Mainly, we will refer to both da Costa’s C-Systems and Priest’s LP system. Finally, we will analyze the presentations of these systems (...) within the Sequent Logic to show that paraconsistent negation lacks of pure rules of negation-elimination and negation-introduction rules or that they involve other connectives, thus making difficult to assign an univocal meaning to paraconsistent negation. (shrink)

Christine Tappolet’s book Philosophy of Emotion: A contemporary introduction, and many other works in emotion theory, focus primarily on emotional episodes at the expense of so-called “emotional dispositions.” I argue that there are no reasons for theories of emotion to focus on emotional episodes, or to reserve the term “emotion” for emotional episodes.

It is often claimed that fear has an important epistemological function in making us aware of danger. Reactive theories challenge this view. According to them, fear is a response to real or apparent danger. In other words, real or apparent danger is the reason for which we experience fear. Thus, fear depends on awareness of danger instead of making us aware of danger. Proponents of the reactive theory have appealed to phenomenological and, most prominently, linguistic observations to support their views. (...) In particular, they argue that how we talk about the objects of fear supports the view that fear is a response (rather than a perception), and that how we talk about reasons for fear supports the view that reasons for fear are necessarily evaluative (about danger). Building on systematic linguistic observations in the form of corpus analyses and survey data, we argue that how we talk about the objects of fear and how we talk about reasons for fear do not support the reactive theory. Indeed, these linguistic considerations undermine the reactive theory. Most importantly, they suggest that there are non-evaluative reasons for fear. This is good news for rival theories, like perceptual theories, which hold that emotions have epistemic value in contributing to knowledge of evaluative properties such as danger. (shrink)

Descartes niega que una máquina pueda ser inteligente, pues los mecanismos son predecibles, inflexibles y limitados. Los seguidores de la Inteligencia Artificial clásica (o IA fuerte) argumentan lo contrario. Pese a esto, Descartes y la IA proponen que la mente podría no estar adscrita a propiedades físicas, posibilidad explorada por el primero a partir de una intuición modal que separa mente y cuerpo. La IA fuerte se acerca a esta tesis cuando reduce la mente a una Máquina de Turing cuya (...) realización física resulta irrelevante. Aunque ambos argumentos presuponen teorías e implicancias diferentes, en este trabajo examino cómo el Funcionalismo resulta compatible con una forma de Dualismo, lo que aleja a la IA clásica del Materialismo que originalmente la inspiró. (shrink)

El presente artículo de revisión analiza las convergencias y diferencias entre el pensamiento complejo y laecología de saberes con el propósito de explorar posibilidades de complementación y sinergias en el marco de una epistemología crítica. Para tal efecto se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica apoyada por los métodos deductivo y hermenéutico. Para la caracterización del pensamiento complejo se ha revisado la obra de Edgar Morin y otros autores como Boaventura de Sousa Santos. De la revisión se concluye que tanto el (...) pensamiento complejo como la ecología de saberes tienen similitudes pues comparten en mayor o menor medida los principios de sistemas organizados, dialogicidad, recursividad y retroactividad. Además, son explícitos en superar la distinción sujeto-objeto para pasar a una relación sujeto-sujeto. Ambas propuestas constituyen alternativas al pensamiento científico hegemónico y ponen el valor el pluralismo cognitivo y la justicia cognitiva. La principal diferencia es que la ecología de saberes tiene una apuesta más explícita por los conocimientos de los movimientos sociales en sus luchas de resistencia frente a las diversas formas del colonialismo vigente, que tienen correlato con un sistema económico que privilegia el mercado a la vida. En tal sentido es posible reconocer en la ecología de saberes un carácter más político. Ambas propuestas, aunque con diferencia de grados, se erigen como alternativas transformadoras de la realidad social. (shrink)

En este libro, John Perry elabora una teoria "reflexivo-referencial" de los indexicos, los demostrativos y los nombres propios. La Filosofia del Lenguaje del siglo veinte se vio condicionada por dos tradiciones enfrentadas en torno a esos temas: el descriptivismo y el referencialismo. Los textos referecialistas clasicos de, entre otros, Saul Kripke, Keith Donnellan y David Kaplan son de los anos 70. Curiosamente, parece que ya habian sido refutados casi un siglo antes por los problemas de co-referencia y no-referencia planteados por (...) Frege y Russell. La teoria de Perry, que toma prestadas ideas de ambas tradiciones asi como de Burks y Reichenbach, situa el origen de los problemas en la atencion exclusiva a un tipo de contenido: el contenido llamado referencial o completamente incremental. La tradicion referencialista se caracteriza por la tesis de que los indexicos proporcionan un contenido que involucra a individuos pero no a sus condiciones de identificacion. La tradicion descriptivista se caracteriza por la tesis de que el contenido referencial no explica todas las condiciones de identificacion que ofrecen los nombres y los indexicos. Perry nos propone una familia coherente y estructurada de contenidos -desde contenidos reflexivos que imponen condiciones a la proferencia hasta contenidos completamente incrementales que ponen condiciones solo a los objetos de la referencia-que sirve para reconciliar lo mejor de ambas tradiciones. Book jacket. (shrink)

"This book presents a theoretical discussion of problems and issues encountered in the Native American community from a perspective that accepts Native knowledge as legitimate. Native American cosmology and metaphor are used extensively in order to deal with specific problems such as alcoholism, suicide, family, and community problems. The authors discuss what it means to present material from the perspective of a people who have legitimate ways of knowing and conceptualizing reality and show that it is imperative to understand intergenerational (...) trauma and internalized oppression in order to understand the issues facing Native Americans today."--pub. website. (shrink)

La literatura sobre razonamiento probatorio busca incidir en la determinación de los hechos en los procesos judiciales. Para alcanzar dicho propósito, no basta con dirigir la mirada hacia disciplinas extrajurídicas exitosas e integrar lo que de ellas pueda extraerse a las teorías jurídicas de la prueba y a la práctica judicial. Es necesario, además, considerar el tipo de hechos a probar, los roles de las reglas jurídicas aplicables, y asumir que litigantes y jueces, actuando en un contexto institucional, podrán ser (...) más o menos agudos en la discusión fáctica, entre otras cosas. Minimizar la influencia de tales factores expone a los estudios probatorios a tener un bajo rendimiento práctico. Algo de esto ha ocurrido con la llamada concepción racionalista de la prueba. Su innegable aporte al debate académico en español no ha ido a la par de su impacto judicial. Para explicar esta brecha entre teoría y práctica, identificamos tres creencias-obstáculo que afectan a su discurso sobre la prueba y que deben ser sorteadas si lo que se busca es influir en la forma en que se juzgan los hechos en un sistema judicial realmente existente. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is to offer a critical analysis of the political projections that Antonio Damasio has put forward of his specific conception of homeostasis. By starting from a complex conception of homeostasis, one that focuses not only on the maintenance of life but also on flourishing, Damasio argues that certain cultures are contrary to the homeostatic imperative. I will suggest that, even if we adopt the complex interpretation of homeostasis (rather than the deflated one that is usual (...) in most evolutionary approaches), resorting to the concept of homeostasis would lead to a condemnation of modern capitalist societies, not from an ethical or political point of view, but from a strictly evolutionary one (i.e., a point of view that takes into consideration the preservation of the conditions under which our species can survive in the future). (shrink)

El artículo aborda el sentido de la cuestión ética dentro del pensamiento de Foucault. En primer lugar, identificamos dos críticas dentro de su obra: al sujeto como categoría y al sujeto como producto de relaciones de poder y saber. Tales críticas operarían como condición de posibilidad de la pregunta por la ética. Posteriormente, estudiamos la genealogía de esta nueva dimensión de lo ético, analizando sus diversas configuraciones históricas. De dicho trabajo surge la necesidad de actualizar una estética de la existencia. (...) Esto último se enfrenta a partir de una reelaboración de lo que sería la pars construens de la filosofía foucaultiana, cuyo aspecto central reside en la propuesta de una ética como cuidado de la libertad. We deal with the meaning of the ethical question in Foucault's thought. We find first that he makes two criticisms: of the subject as a category, and of the subject as the outcome of relations of power and knowledge. Such criticisms relate to the ethical question as its conditions of possibility. Then, we study the genealogy of this new dimension of ethics, analyzing its different historical configurations. This work shows that it is necessary to bring about an aesthetics of existence. This is tackled starting from a reworking of the pars construens of Foucault's philosophy, whose central aspect turns about ethics conceived as care for freedom. (shrink)

A primeira tese de Sober é que não podemos agir livremente, a não ser que o Argumento da Causalidade ou o Argumento da Inevitabilidade tenham alguma falha. O Argumento da Causalidade é o seguinte: nossos estados mentais causam movimentos corporais; mas nossos estados mentais são causados por fatores do mundo físico. Nossa personalidade pode ser reconduzida à nossa experiência e à nossa genética. E tanto a experiência quanto a genética foram causados por itens do mundo físico. Assim, o meio ambiente (...) e os genes são os causadores de nossas crenças e desejos. E estes, por sua vez, causam o nosso comportamento. Como, em última instância, não escolhemos nem os nossos genes e nem o meio ambiente no qual adquirimos as nossas experiências, também não escolhemos o nosso comportamento: ele é causado por fatores além do nosso controle; isso nos faz não ser livres. E o Argumento da Inevitabilidade é exposto por Sober assim: se uma ação foi praticada livremente, então deve ter sido possível ao agente agir de outra forma. Mas, dado que as causas de nossas ações são as nossas crenças e desejos, não poderíamos ter agido diferentemente de como elas nos determinam a agir. (shrink)

Neste capítulo, Loux apresenta alguns problemas com relação às modalidades e algumas das relações entre elas e o vocabulário dos mundos possíveis, expondo as duas principais posições ontológicas com relação a tais mundos e às modalidades e com relação à natureza das modalidades, a saber, o possibilismo e o actualismo, defendidos respectivamente por Lewis e Plantinga. Essas são teorias inconsistentes entre si, que intentam nos dizer se os mundos possíveis são concretos ou abstratos e se existe algo além do que (...) é actual. (shrink)

This article examines the work of the seventeenth-century thinker Catharine Trotter Cockburn with an eye toward explication of her trenchant empiricism, and the foundations upon which it rested. It is argued that part of the originality of Cockburn's work has to do with her consistent line of thought with regard to evidence from the senses and the process of abstract conceptualization; in this she differed strongly from some of her contemporaries. The work of Martha Brandt Bolton and Fidelis Morgan is (...) cited, and there is an auxiliary argument to the effect that Cockburn is probably better known as a playwright than she is as a philosophical thinker. (shrink)

Within the banking community, the argument about sustainability and profitability tends to be inversely related. Our research suggests this does not need to be strictly the case. We present a credit score system based on sustainability issues, which is used as criteria to improve financial institutions’ lending policies. The Sustainability Credit Score System is based on the analytic hierarchy process methodology. Its first implementation is on the agricultural industry in Brazil. Three different firm development paths are identified: business as usual, (...) sustainable business, and future sustainable business. The following six dimensions are present in the SCSS: economic growth, environmental protection, social progress, socio-economic development, eco-efficiency, and socio-environmental development. The results suggest that sustainability is not inversely related to profit either from a short- or long-term perspective. The SCSS is related to the Equator Principles, but its application is not driven to project financing. It also deals with short- and long-term risks and opportunities, instead of short-term sustainability impacts. (shrink)

This book presents the current feminist critique of science and the philosophy of science in such a way that students of philosophy of science, philosophers, feminist theorists, and scientists will find the material accessible and intellectually rigorous.Contemporary feminist debate, as well as the debate brought on by the radical critics of science, assumes—incorrectly—that certain movements in philosophy of science and science-driven theory are understood in their dynamics as well as in their details. All too often, labels such as “Kuhnian” or (...) “positivistic” are taken for granted, and much of the contemporary postmodern or post-structuralist feminist theory that sets out to criticize science does little to alleviate the reader’s lack of knowledge with regard to such movements.Unlike other texts, Philosophies of Science: Feminist Theories provides a student-oriented framework so that, for example, positivism is given a thorough grounding before the feminist critique of such epistemological theory is given. Other movements discussed include the Kuhnian turn, sociology of science, and the radical critique of science. Feminist theory and critique are interwoven throughout, with one chapter devoted to feminist thought, which includes the work of such thinkers as Longino, Hararway, Hubbard, Nelson, Harding, and Keller. (shrink)

An investigation is presented in which a computer simulation model (DIAGNOSER) is used to develop and test predictions for behavior of subjects in a task of medical diagnosis. The first experiment employed a process‐tracing methodology in order to compare hypothesis generation and evaluation behavior of DIAGNOSER with individuals at different levels of expertise (students, trainees, experts). A second experiment performed with only DIAGNOSER identified conditions under which errors in reasoning in the first experiment could be related to interpretation of specific (...) data items. Predictions derived from DIAGNOSER's performance were tested in a third experiment with a new sample of subjects. Data from the three experiments indicated that (1) form of diagnostic reasoning was similar for all subjects trained in medicine and for the simulation model, (2) substance of diagnostic reasoning employed by the simulation model was parable with that of the more expert subjects, and (3) errors in subjects' reasoning were attributable to deficiencies in disease knowledge and the interpretation of specific patient data cues predicted by the simulation model. (shrink)

Empirical data from studies with both heterosexual and homosexual individuals have consistently indicated different tendencies in mating behavior. However, transgenders’ data are often overlooked. This exploratory study compared levels of sociosexuality and self-esteem between transgenders and non-transgender (cisgender) individuals. The aim was to verify whether either sexual genotype or gender self-perception had more influence on the examined variables in transgenders. Correlations between self-esteem and sociosexuality levels were also investigated. The sample consisted of 120 Brazilian individuals (51 transgenders) from both sexes. (...) Sociosexuality scores indicated mostly sex-typical patterns for transgenders of both sexes across the construct’s three dimensions (behavior, attitude, and desire), except for female-to-male transgenders’ behavioral sociosexuality. Unique associations between the dimensions of sociosexuality were found for transgender participants. No differences in self-esteem were observed and no correlations between self-esteem and sociosexuality were found. The results suggest that transgenders’ sociosexuality is largely influenced by their sexual genotype despite their incongruent gender self-perception and that the relationships between behavior, attitude, and sociosexual desire are different from those observed in cisgenders. (shrink)

O domínio persistente das elites políticas no âmbito de diferentes governos representativos contemporâneos, aliado à descaracterização da natureza programática dos partidos políticos têm levado a uma intensa reflexão, nos últimos anos, acerca dos limites e capacidades da democracia como sistema de governo. Problemas como a persistência de profundas desigualdades sociais e a incapacidade de inclusão das minorias – e até mesmo de maiorias, como no caso brasileiro – apontam para um processo de “oligarquização” das democracias, marcado por uma tentativa de (...) “neutralização política do povo”, em todo incompatível com os valores republicanos e democráticos. Em um caso de tamanha sub-representação, no qual setores majoritários da sociedade são governados sistematicamente por setores minoritários, como garantir que o ideal de não-dominação seja assegurado? Partindo da constatação dos limites práticos dos governos representativos contemporâneos em geral, e do caso brasileiro, em particular, o propósito deste artigo é debater em que medida a proposta de “democracia aberta” de Hélène Landemore, que propõe a recuperação da prática do sorteio como expressão do elemento democrático, é compatível com o pensamento republicano. (shrink)

En el presente artículo intento señalar una serie de dificultades implícitas en la teoría del carácter desarrollada por David Hume, y, por extensión, en su propuesta compatibilista. Sugeriré que el rechazo humeano de todo concepto metafísico de causalidad pone a Hume en una posición problemática, en tanto sólo puede ofrecer como alternativa una concepción de causalidad (demasiado fuerte para un libertario y demasiado débil para un determinista) que difícilmente puede constituirse en la base de su propia teoría del carácter. -/- (...) In the present paper I aim to point out a series of difficulties which lie beneath Hume's theory of character and, by extension, beneath his compatibilist argument. I shall suggest that Hume's rejection of every metaphysical conception of causality leads him to a problematic situation, insofar as he can only offer as an alternative conception of causality (too strong for a libertarian and too weak for a determinist) that can hardly become the basis of his own theory of character. (shrink)

El presente artículo propone pensar las imágenes y su impacto a nivel global a partir del análisis de fotografías icónicas que quedaron en el imaginario de las sociedades occidentales de los siglos XX y XXI. A partir de los aportes teóricos propuestos por Leonor Arfuch, quien pretende mirar el mundo con otros ojos, y realizando una vinculación entre violencia, poder, cultura y medios, se presenta un breve análisis discursivo —a partir de la perspectiva marxista y sociohistórica de Voloshinov y su (...) utilización de enunciados como unidades de análisis— de cinco imágenes que tuvieron gran impacto global y que en tiempos presentes continúan siendo parte de la cultura y la memoria. Como hallazgos, se destaca que las imágenes analizadas no solo han capturado momentos cruciales de la historia contemporánea, sino que también han desempeñado un papel fundamental en la configuración de la opinión pública y la conciencia global sobre temas tan diversos como las guerras, las migraciones y las crisis humanitarias, fenómenos que atañen directamente a los estudios internacionales. (shrink)

We ordinarily use epistemic concepts to evaluate our moral views. We know certain things are wrong, we are sometimes uncertain about the morally best thing to do, we think there are rational and irrational ways of reaching moral conclusions, etc. Like most meta ethicists, expressivists aim to explain this; they want to offer accounts of our moral thought, talk, and practice. However, most expressivists think moral thought and talk are fundamentally non-representational or desire-like. Critics have argued that this makes the (...) view incompatible with central aspects of our epistemic evaluations. In this paper, I survey the main epistemic challenges for expressivism, highlight their interconnections, and discuss the most promising responses. (shrink)

Este texto revisa las principales aportaciones de Walter Lippmann contenidas en su obra Libertad y prensa, de reciente aparición en lengua castellana. Publicado originalmente en 1920, el libro de Lippmann nos permite conocer sus agudas reflexiones acerca de las relaciones entre medios de comunicación, opinión pública y clase política. El estudio de esas relaciones ocupa una parte fundamental de la obra ensayística de Lippmann, cuya vigencia y vitalidad permanecen hoy inalteradas. Lippmann no fue sólo el columnista político más influyente del (...) pasado siglo, sino un penetrante analista que se interroga sobre la objetividad informativa, la deficiente formación de los profesionales de la prensa y su discutible fibra moral. Sus observaciones trascienden el restringido mundo de los medios de comunicación para preguntarse si su funcionamiento deficiente no pone en cuestión la supervivencia misma de la democracia. (shrink)

A abstração foi tradicionalmente considerada um elemento essencial de qualquer teoria do conhecimento que negasse que somos capazes de possuir uma apreensão intelectual imediata das coisas materiais. Desde um ponto de vista histórico, porém, esse cenário de alternativa – ou abstração ou apreensão intelectual imediata das coisas materiais – não foi assumido por diversos autores do século XIV. O objetivo do presente estudo é elucidar o como e o porquê de um desse s autores, Guilherme de Ockham (ca. 1285-1347), ter (...) empregado ambos, intuição e abstração, em sua teoria dos mecanismos da cognição humana. Para que se cumpra tal meta serão analisados diversos texto s de Ockham e de seus intérpretes. (shrink)

O artigo visa analisar como as representações simbólicas da teologia pentecostal clássica, e a vivência comunitária no pentecostalismo clássico, ajudam as pessoas excluídas, cultural, econômica e socialmente a encontrarem um espaço onde lhes é oferecido autonomia. A análise refere-se ao pentecostalismo clássico, ou seja, se busca na tipologia clássica da Assembléia de Deus as representações simbólicas para a construção das argumentações do texto. Referencia-se, o artigo, em autores consagrados que estudaram o pentecostalismo de matriz clássica.

The kantian concept of friendship has been recently but yet scarcely studied. However, it has its place as the conclusion of the doctrine of virtue, which gives it some prominence. This article argues that the kantian approach to friendship, as it emerges from the analysis of the texts of the Metaphysics of Morals and the Lectures on Ethics, involves elements that connect with our contemporary sensibility and, far from being a marginal concept in his ethical philosophy, represents one of its (...) crucial moments. (shrink)

Proponemos revisar críticamente la conceptualización de la performatividad en Judith Butler durante los años 1990-2015. En este período Butler propone extender el alcance del concepto de J. L Austin a la teoría de género, sustituyendo la analítica del acto de habla en Austin por una analítica posestructural del poder. Butler usa críticamente la referencia al posestructuralismo y feminismo francés para reinterpretar la concepción aristotélica de la inteligibilidad del poder como materialización de una forma discursiva, subordinando a ella el alcance de (...) la performatividad. Constatando que esta influencia está ausente en la fundamentación teórica y analítica del concepto en Austin, contrapondremos finalmente los alcances y limitaciones de Butler frente a Austin. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo examina os estudos contemporâneos na tentativa de uma convergência teórica entre a psicanálise lacaniana e a filosofia nietzschiana. São avaliadas as principais posições, ideias e argumentos desta bolsa. Ao fazê-lo, o problema filosófico que surge imediatamente diz respeito à própria possibilidade de tal diálogo teórico. A tese a ser desenvolvida é que semelhanças superficiais obscurecem divergências teóricas centrais e até mesmo ontológicas. Assim, além do exame crítico da literatura mencionada, o objetivo do artigo é iluminar essas tensões (...) na medida em que elas obstruem as simples articulações entre Nietzsche e Lacan. Seguindo as semelhanças entre ambas as perspectivas teóricas, o artigo passa das semelhanças meramente superficiais para as semelhanças mais fortes entre a vontade de poder, o desejo inconsciente e o gozo, depois entre o niilismo e o gozo e, finalmente, entre as próprias lógicas do ressentimento e da repressão. A cada passo, o artigo mostra que as semelhanças são bastante insuficientes, na medida em que são sustentadas em pressupostos jamais questionados. O paradigmático: a ideia de que Nietzsche já é um lacaniano avant la lettre. (shrink)

O presente trabalho apresenta uma reflexão entre educação, conhecimento e ação, sob a perspectiva da abordagem fenomenológica-existencialista. Destaca a importância de atribuir significado e interpretar os fatos, ressaltando a singularidade do ser humano e sua capacidade de dar sentido ao processo educacional. Além disso, enfatiza a intersubjetividade, a alteridade e a responsabilidade na formação do eu e na compreensão do mundo. A fenomenologia é apresentada como uma abordagem que busca transcender dicotomias, destacando a interconexão entre o eu e o mundo. (...) Em suma, o presente texto defende a importância da autonomia, interpretação e interação na formação humana, sob uma perspectiva fenomenológica-existencialista. (shrink)

College students have become more representative as blood donors, mainly to help other people. This study ascertained the association between spirituality and adherence or intention to donate blood in post-graduate students. In this quantitative and cross-sectional study, participants were 281 students from a post-graduate programme at a Brazilian public university. After complying with ethical requirements, data were collected through a questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization and identification of blood donation practices, followed by the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests (...) were used for data analysis. A total of 74% of the participants were female and 26% were male. Previous experience and/or intention to donate blood were found in 75.3%; 14.3% donated blood periodically. In addition, 12.2% were not adept to donation and 12.5% were inapt. Spiritual Well-Being scores were similar between individuals who are not adept and those who donate periodically. In conclusion, in the sample, spirituality and blood donation are not associated, but spiritual well-being and gender are. To enhance blood donation, further research is needed. (shrink)

El presente artículo es una genealogía tras el sentido amplio del arte y la técnica al interior del palimpsesto lingüístico ‘técnica del arte’ considerando para ello los sentidos estético y técnico del arte y el sentido antiguo de la téchnē griega. Se propone que a través de la indagación genealógica sobre el palimpsesto en cuestión es posible dar cuenta de la propuesta heideggeriana sobre la téchnē griega. La téchnē, el arte y la técnica en sentido amplio son un saber que (...) trae delante las cosas a su presencia en virtud de un ‘haber visto’ que permite el ir tras de algo y descubrir lo que oculto ya se presenta. Esta indagación emprende su camino desde una consideración heideggeriana del lenguaje según la cual lo más esencial de las palabras está en una continua retirada original de ocultamiento, dando así lugar a una incursión genealógica tras el sentido originario del término ‘arte’ y de su cognado ‘técnica’. Tentando a cada paso una respuesta a la pregunta por aquello que es el arte y la técnica, se hace una revisión del sentido y relación de estos términos en las lenguas antiguas latina y griega y las modernas romances, como también una breve revisión de la historia de la estética y del mito griego del dios de la téchnē, Hefesto, a la luz de la noción de belleza en los antiguos griegos. (shrink)